Malleability: The property of metals by which they can be beaten into thin sheets is called malleability. Generally, metals are malleable. Ductility: The property of metal by which it can be drawn into wires is called ductility. Generally, metals are ductile. Sonority: The property of metals by which they produce ringing sound is called sonority. Generally, metals are sonorous. Thermal Conductivity: The property of the metals by which they conduct heat is called thermal conductivity. Generally, Metals are good conductors of heat. Electrical conductivity: The property of the metals by which they conduct electricity is called electrical conductivity. Generally, Metals are good conductors of electricity. Lustre: The property of the metals by which they looks shiny is called lustre. Generally, metals are lustrous. Displacement reaction: Chemical reactions in which a more reactive metal displaces a weaker one from its salt solution are called displacement reaction.
Points to remember:
Gold is the most ductile metal. Silver, Copper and Aluminium are next to gold.
Two (2) km of wire of gold can be drawn from just 1 gm of gold.
Rust is hydrated oxide.
Metallic oxides are basic in nature and turns red litmus to blue.
Non-metallic oxides are acidic in nature & turns blue litmus to red.
The erosion of metals on coming in contact with air and moisture is called corrosion.
Brass is an alloy of copper and zinc.
Bronze is an alloy of copper and tin.
Stainless steel is an alloy of iron, carbon, chromium and nickel.
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF METALS AND NON METALS 1. Hardness : Metals are generally hard. But, though Sodium and Potassium are metals, they are soft. Mercury is a metal and exists in liquid state, hence it is not hard. Non metals are generally soft. But though diamond is a non-metal, it is the hardest substance known. 2. Solid State : Generally, metals are solid. But mercury is a metal that exists in liquid state. Generally non-metals are solid or gases, but Bromine is a non-metal that exists in liquid state. 3. Lustre: Metals are lustrous (shiny).
Non-metals are dull, but non-metals like iodine and graphite are lustrous to some extent. 4. Malleability: Generally, metals are malleable. But metals like Mercury, Sodium and Potassium are not malleable. They are brittle. Non-metals are brittle. 5. Ductility : Generally, metals are ductile. But metals like Mercury, Sodium and Potassium are not ductile. They are brittle.
Non-metals are brittle.
Thermal conductivity: Metals are good conductors of heat.
Generally non-metals are poor conductor of heat. But though diamond is a non-metal; it is a good conductor of heat.
Electrical conductivity: Metals are good conductors of electricity.
Generally non-metals are poor conductor of electricity. But though graphite is a non-metal, it is an excellent conductor of electricity.